Presentaciones de la sífilis anorrectal: la gran simuladora / Anorectal syphilis presentations: the great pretender

Antecedentes: La sífilis es una infección sexualmente transmisible sistémica crónica que afecta a docenas de millones de personas al año. A nivel anorrectal, su manifestación polimórfica obliga al diagnóstico diferencial con enfermedades anorrectales benignas y malignas. Objetivo: Describir las diferentes presentaciones de la sífilis anorrectal a propósito de 5 casos clínicos. Método: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes fueron VIH positivos en edad sexual activa. Las manifestaciones registradas, al igual que las reportadas en la bibliografía fueron las fisuras, úlceras perianales y pseudotumores. Conclusiones: La sífilis es considerada "la gran simuladora". En la localización anorrectal se requiere una alta sospecha diagnóstica para diferenciarla de presentaciones similares de otras enfermedades anales benignas, la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y el cáncer anorrectal, con el fin de evitar el consiguiente riesgo de sobretratamiento. (AU)

Background: Syphilis is a chronic systemic sexually transmitted infection that affects tens of millions of people annually. At the anorectal level, its polymorphic manifestation requires differential diagnosis with benign and malignant anorectal diseases. Objective: To review the presentation of anorectal syphilis from 5 clinical cases. Methods: Observational, retrospective, descriptive study. Results: Most of the patients were HIV positive in sexually active age. The manifestations recorded and reported in the literature were fissures, perianal ulcers, and pseudotumors. Conclusions: Syphilis is considered "the great pretender". In anorectal syphilis, a high diagnostic suspicion is needed to differentiate it from similar presentations due to other anal conditions, inflammatory bowel disease, and anorectal cancer, to avoid the consequent risk of overtreatment. (AU)

Fístula sigmoido-glútea como complicación infrecuente de la enfermedad diverticular / Sigmoid-gluteal fistula as a rare complication of diverticular disease

Las fistulas colo-cutáneas de origen diverticular son poco frecuentes, máxime en ausencia de cirugía o drenaje percutáneo previos. Presentamos una mujer de 90 años con una sigmoitis complicada con una colección abdominal perforada hacia el retroperitoneo y la región glútea. (AU)

Colocutaneous fistulas of diverticular origin are rare, especially in the absence of prior surgery or percutaneous drainage. We report the case of a 90-year-old woman with sigmoitis and a perforated abdominal collection in the retroperitoneum and gluteal region. (AU)

Técnica TAPP en manos jóvenes. Es posible reproducir los resultados de la técnica Lichtenstein para la hernia inguinal sintomática primaria unilateral / Tapp technique performed by young hands. Reproducing the results of the lichtenstein procedure for symptomatic primary unilateral inguinal hernia

RESUMEN Antecedentes: La hernioplastia inguinal es el procedimiento quirúrgico más frecuentemente realizado dentro de la Cirugía General. Se realizan anualmente 20 millones de hernioplastias; la técnica de Lichtenstein y la transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) mediante cirugía laparoscópica son las más utilzadas. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es valorar la factibilidad de la realización del TAPP, en un centro universitario, por parte de residentes y cirujanos jóvenes en formación. Se comparó dicho procedimiento con la técnica de Lichtenstein valorando los resultados en los primeros 30 días del posoperatorio. Las principales variables para estudiar fueron: complicaciones, dolor posoperatorio, estadía hospitalaria y costo del procedimiento. Como variables para estudiar, a largo plazo, se compararon la recidiva herniaria y el dolor crónico. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional comparando dos técnicas quirúrgicas utilizando la base de datos del Servicio con información adquirida de forma prospectiva. Se analizaron 80 pacientes, divididos en dos grupos: hernioplastia de Lichtenstein (grupo1) y hernioplastia por TAPP (grupo 2), durante el período comprendido desde mayo de 2015 hasta mayo de 2019, en dos Centros Universitarios de Montevideo Uruguay (Hospital de Clínicas y Hospital Español). Resultados: No hubo diferencia significativa en la estadía hospitalaria y complicaciones posoperatorias. El grupo del Lichtenstein presentó una recidiva herniaria. La hernioplastia laparoscópica presentó un tiempo operatorio promedio de 20 minutos más y el costo de materiales fue mayor. Si bien el dolor posoperatorio en las primeras 24 horas fue mayor en TAPP, el dolor a las 48 horas, 7días, un mes, tres meses y seis meses fue similar en ambos grupos. Conclusión: La técnica de TAPP, para la hernia inguinal primaria unilateral, es factible de ser realizada por cirujanos jóvenes o en formación, con un porcentaje de complicaciones, dolor posoperatorio y recidivas similares al Lichtenstein, aunque con un costo de materiales y tiempo operatorio levemente mayor.

ABSTRACT Background: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common procedures in general surgery. Each year, 20 million surgeries for inguinal hernia repaired are performed; the most common techniques used are the Lichtenstein procedure and the transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) laparoscopic approach. Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the outcomes of the TAPP approach performed by residents and young surgeons in training in a university center. TAPP was compared with the Lichtenstein and the outcomes at 30 days were compared. The variables considered were complications, postoperative pain, length of hospital stay and procedure-related costs. The long-term variables analyzed were recurrence and chronic pain. Material and methods: We conducted an observational study comparing two surgical techniques, using prospectively acquired information from the database of our department. The cohort was made up of 80 patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair in two university-based hospitals in Montevideo, Uruguay (Hospital de Clínicas and Hospital Español), between May 2015 and May 2019. The patients were divided into two groups: Lichtenstein procedure (group 1) and TAPP procedure (group 2). Results: There were no significant differences in length of hospital stay and postoperative complications. One patient in the Lichtenstein group presented hernia recurrence. Mean operative time was 20 minutes longer with laparoscopic hernia repair, and the cost of the materials was higher. Postoperative pain at 24 hours was greater in the TAPP group, but was similar at 48 hours, 7 days, one month, three months and six months in both groups. Conclusion: The use of TAPP technique for unilateral primary inguinal hernia is feasible to perform by young surgeons or surgeons in training, and the percentage of complications, postoperative pain and recurrences is similar to that of the Lichtenstein technique, although the cost of materials and operative time are slightly higher.

Cardiometabolic Therapy and Mortality in Very Old Patients With Diabetes Hospitalized due to COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: The effects of cardiometabolic drugs on the prognosis of diabetic patients with COVID-19, especially very old patients, are not well known. This work was aimed to analyze the association between preadmission cardiometabolic therapy (antidiabetic, antiaggregant, antihypertensive, and lipid-lowering drugs) and in-hospital mortality among patients ≥80 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hospitalized for COVID-19. METHOD: We conducted a nationwide, multicenter, observational study in patients ≥80 years with T2DM hospitalized for COVID-19 between March 1 and May 29, 2020. The primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between preadmission cardiometabolic therapy and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Of the 2 763 patients ≥80 years old hospitalized due to COVID-19, 790 (28.6%) had T2DM. Of these patients, 385 (48.7%) died during admission. On the multivariate analysis, the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.502, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.309-0.815, p = .005) and angiotensin receptor blockers (AOR 0.454, 95% CI: 0.274-0.759, p = .003) were independent protectors against in-hospital mortality, whereas the use of acetylsalicylic acid was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (AOR 1.761, 95% CI: 1.092-2.842, p = .020). Other antidiabetic drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and statins showed neutral association with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: We found important differences between cardiometabolic drugs and in-hospital mortality in older patients with T2DM hospitalized for COVID-19. Preadmission treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers could reduce in-hospital mortality; other antidiabetic drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and statins seem to have a neutral effect; and acetylsalicylic acid could be associated with excess mortality.

Cardiac tamponade due to advanced gastric cancer: case report and review.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Pericardial involvement due to gastric cancer is uncommon, especially when it is secondary to direct tumor infiltration. Its manifestation as cardiac tamponade is an exceptional situation that represents a challenge for the treating medical team. CASE PRESENTATION: a case of a patient with advanced gastric cancer with cardiopericardial infiltration, complicated with cardiac tamponade is reported. A narrative review of the diagnostic and therapeutic management was performed. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: There are no well-established diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms. CONCLUSIONS: It is such an exceptional entity that most of the available bibliography is based on case reports or expert opinions. It is a situation with a very bad prognosis.

Quiste hidático primario músculo-esquelético: revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso / Primary hydatid cyst of skeletal muscle: a literature review based on a case / Cisto hidático primário músculo esquelético: revisão da literatura a propósito de um caso

Resumen: Introducción: la equinococosis quística músculo-esquelética es poco frecuente, pudiendo determinar retrasos diagnósticos y errores terapéuticos. Reporte de caso: presentamos el caso de un paciente con un quiste hidático primario único a nivel de la región femoral posterior derecha, infectado. Discusión: se realizó una revisión en las bases de datos PubMed y LILACS sobre el diagnóstico y manejo terapéutico de los quistes hidáticos músculo-esqueléticos primarios. Conclusiones: la equinococosis quística músculo-esquelética debe ser tenida en cuenta dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales de tumoraciones de partes blandas en pacientes provenientes de zonas endémicas. La tomografía computada y/o resonancia magnética cumplen un rol diagnóstico y de planificación terapéutica. El tratamiento es quirúrgico, a medida del paciente y del quiste, en función de su topografía, tamaño y fundamentalmente relaciones vasculo nerviosas y musculares. Otros factores a tener en cuenta son las futuras secuelas funcionales y resultados estéticos.

Summary: Introduction: musculoskeletal cystic echinococcosis is rather an unusual condition, what may result in delayed diagnosis and therapeutic mistakes. Case report: the study presents the case of a patient with a single primary hydatid cyst in the right posterior femoral region, which is infected. Discussion: a review of PubMed and LILACS was performed to learn about diagnosis and therapeutic handling of the primary musculoskeletal hydatid cysts. Conclusions: musculoskeletal cystic echinococcosis needs to be considered among differential diagnosis of soft tissues tumors in patients coming from endemic areas. A CT scan and RMI play an important role in diagnosis and the planning of treatment. Treatment involves surgery that must be adapted to the patient and the cyst, considering its topography and size, and in particular in view of muscular and nervous vessels relationship. Other factors to bear in mind are renal sequels and esthetic aspects.

Resumo: Introdução: a equinococose cística musculoesquelética é rara e pode determinar atrasos em seu diagnóstico e erros terapêuticos. Relato do caso: apresentamos o caso de uma paciente com cisto hidrático primário único ao nível da região femoral posterior direita, infectado. Discussão: foi realizada uma revisão nas bases de dados PubMed e LILACS sobre o diagnóstico e manejo terapêutico dos cistos hidráticos osteomusculares primários. Conclusões: a equinococose cística musculoesquelética deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de tumores de partes moles em pacientes de áreas endêmicas. A tomografia computadorizada e / ou a ressonância magnética desempenham um papel no planejamento diagnóstico e terapêutico. O tratamento é cirúrgico, adaptado ao paciente e ao cisto, dependendo de sua topografia, tamanho e, fundamentalmente, das relações vascular-nervosas e musculares. Outros fatores a serem considerados são as sequelas funcionais futuras e os resultados estéticos.

Eighty-two year old female with long term abdominal pain, fever and skin lesions. / Mujer de 82 años con dolor abdominal, fiebre y lesiones cutáneas de larga evolución.

We report the case of an old woman, consulting for fever, abdominal pain and constitutional symptoms one year of evolution. The differential diagnosis is between infectious, tumoral, or inflammatory disease, which may be located at the abdominal level, performing additional tests to rule out abdominal process. The existence of pain in the legs and level scan left thigh of a mass of hard consistency, makes us raise another diagnosis. Finally show on ultrasound soft tissue inflammatory changes regarding panniculitis. From this finding aetiologies of panniculitis are reviewed. Skin biopsy that shows the final diagnosis is made.